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Lots of other Scientologist-run companies and organizations come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies making use of Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directory sites of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who want to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This section requires expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to help with the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or highly regarded individuals. Scientology Perth. Though it has actually obtained some credibility as a religious beliefs in lots of countries, Scientology has also been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has actually been noted to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Video game individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were founded guilty for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid go to this web-site $12. 5 million more helpful hints to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as identified in a web survey run by the presidential transition group soliciting public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has actually slammed Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated legally as an industrial enterprise, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% check my reference license fees sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on people and groups who attempt to utilize it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was produced with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later on renamed the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and devoted among the biggest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by a company not associated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense dedicated by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No individual or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past utilized aggressive techniques in dealing with those it sees as attempting to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable game. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper known to have been managed by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was discovered at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.